Lithium-free redox flow batteries: challenges and future prospective for safe and efficient energy storage

Hazra, Soumya Kanti and Meskher, Hicham and Singh, Punit and Thakur, Amrit Kumar and Khan, Shahid Ali and Saleque, A.M.M. and Saidur, Rahman * and Hwangh, Jang-Yeon (2024) Lithium-free redox flow batteries: challenges and future prospective for safe and efficient energy storage. Batteries & Supercaps, 7 (7).

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Abstract

Considering the costs, waste, and impact on the environment of current energy consumption, accurate, cost-effective, and safely deployed energy storage systems are required. Lithium (Li)-free redox flow batteries (RFBs) are a feasible solution. RFBs can store enormous amounts of energy effectively and are increasingly used for large-scale applications. The use of RFBs has significantly enhanced the performance of energy storage systems and effectively reduced the costs and wastage of energy storage operations. Vanadium-based RFBs are an emerging energy-storage technology being explored for large-scale deployment owing to their numerous benefits, including zero cross-contamination, scalability, flexibility, extended life cycle, and nontoxic working state. This study describes the fundamental operating principles of redox flow battery-based systems as well as the design considerations and constraints placed on each component. It discusses recent progress in the design and deployment of RFBs for energy-related applications and the remaining obstacles and prospects. Finally, this study highlights the enormous potential of RFBs and suggests some solutions to scale up the use of RFBs in the near future.

Item Type: Article
Uncontrolled Keywords: Lithium-free redox flow batteries; energy storage systems; electrochemical energy storage; safe energy storage; sustainable batteries
Subjects: T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering
Divisions: Sunway University > Faculty of Engineering and Technology [formerly School of Engineering and Technology until 14 November 2025; School of Science and Technology until 2020] > Research Centre for Nano-Materials and Energy Technology
Depositing User: Ms Yong Yee Chan
Related URLs:
Date Deposited: 20 May 2026 09:27
Last Modified: 20 May 2026 09:27
URI: http://repository.sunway.edu.my/id/eprint/3379

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